Montagem de um painel com a vida e obra de William
Shakespeare.
Conteúdo
- Gênero Biografia
- Simple Past
- Simple Present
- Gênero Peça Teatral
Objetivo
- Leitura e interpretação de textos de diferentes gêneros
- Adaptação da tradução do idioma inglês do século XVI para o português moderno
- Conhecer a estrutura de textos teatrais escritos por William Shakespeare
- Analisar e contextualizar diferentes gêneros textuais
Anos
1 ano do Ensino Médio
Material
- Giz e Lousa
- Internet (vídeos e pesquisa)
- Livros (peças de Shakespeare)
- Painel
Dica de Leitura
William Shakespeare e seus atos Dramáticos da editora CIA das Letras Coleção Mortos de Fama
1º
Passo
Converse
com a sala sobre quem foi Shakespeare, suas peças e famosas frases (ser ou não
ser, eis a questão; meu reino por um cavalo; há algo de podre no Reino da
Dinamarca). Com a sala organizada em dupla, entregue um pequeno resumo da
Biografia de Shakespeare, para ser traduzido com o auxilio o dicionário. A
tradução deverá ser realizada em folha separada com o texto colado.
More information about: William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire and
was baptised a few days later on 26 April 1564. His father, John Shakespeare,
was a glove maker and wool merchant and his mother, Mary Arden, was the
daughter of a well-to-do landowner from Wilmcote, South Warwickshire. It is
likely Shakespeare was educated at the local King Edward VI Grammar School in
Stratford.
Marriage
The next documented event in Shakespeare’s life is his marriage at the
age of 18 to Anne Hathaway, the daughter of a local farmer, on November 28,
1582. She was eight years older than him and their first child, Susanna, was
born six months after their wedding. Two years later, the couple had twins,
Hamnet and Judith, but their son died when he was 11 years old.
Again, a gap in the records leads some scholars to refer to
Shakespeare’s life between 1585 and 1592 as 'the lost years'. By the time he
reappears again, mentioned in a London pamphlet, Shakespeare has made his way
to London without his family and is already working in the theatre.
Acting career
Having gained recognition as an actor and playwright Shakespeare had
clearly ruffled a few feathers along the way – contemporary critic, Robert
Green, described him in the 1592 pamphlet as an, "upstart Crow".
As well as belonging to its pool of actors and playwrights, Shakespeare
was one of the managing partners of the Lord Chamberlain's Company (renamed the
King's Company when James succeeded to the throne), whose actors included the
famous Richard Burbage. The company acquired interests in two theatres in the
Southwark area of London near the banks of the Thames - the Globe and the
Blackfriars.
In 1593 and 1594, Shakespeare’s first poems, 'Venus and Adonis' and 'The
Rape of Lucrece', were published and he dedicated them to his patron, Henry
Wriothesley, the Earl of Southampton. It is thought Shakespeare also wrote most
of his sonnets at this time.
Playwright
Shakespeare was prolific, with records of his first plays beginning to
appear in 1594, from which time he produced roughly two a year until around
1611. His hard work quickly paid off, with signs that he was beginning to
prosper emerging soon after the publication of his first plays. By 1596
Shakespeare’s father, John had been granted a coat of arms and it’s probable
that Shakespeare had commissioned them, paying the fees himself. A year later
he bought New Place, a large house in Stratford.
His earlier plays were mainly histories and comedies such as 'Henry VI',
'Titus Andronicus', 'A Midsummer Night's Dream', 'The Merchant of Venice' and
'Richard II'. The tragedy, 'Romeo and Juliet', was also published in this
period. By the last years of Elizabeth I's reign Shakespeare was well
established as a famous poet and playwright and was called upon to perform
several of his plays before the Queen at court. In 1598 the author Francis
Meres described Shakespeare as England’s greatest writer in comedy and tragedy.
In 1602 Shakespeare's continuing success enabled him to move to upmarket
Silver Street, near where the Barbican is now situated, and he was living here
when he wrote some of his greatest tragedies such as 'Hamlet', 'Othello', 'King
Lear' and 'Macbeth'.
Final years
Shakespeare spent the last five years of his life in New Place in
Stratford. He died on 23 April 1616 at the age of 52 and was buried in Holy
Trinity Church in Stratford. He left his property to the male heirs of his
eldest daughter, Susanna. He also bequeathed his 'second-best bed' to his wife.
It is not known what significance this gesture had, although the couple had
lived primarily apart for 20 years of their marriage.
The first collected edition of his works was published in 1623 and is
known as 'the First Folio'.
Site: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/people/william_shakespeare/
2º Passo
Verifique
se na biblioteca da sua escola existe alguma coleção de uma peça de
Shakespeare. Nessa atividade utilizei “Sonho de uma noite de Verão”. Os alunos
realizaram a atividade de leitura em dupla. Solicite um relatório de leitura.
3º Passo
Após
os alunos terem realizado a leitura entregue para cada dupla um texto Curiosidades sobre Shakespeare para ser
traduzido em dupla. Cada dupla receberá duas curiosidades para traduzir no
caderno.
William Shakespeare Facts: 1
Shakespeare lived to 52. It is known that he was born
in April 1564 and that he died on 23rd April 1616. We know that he was baptised
on 26th April 1564 and scholars now believe that he was born on April 23rd. He
therefore died on his fifty-second birthday, coinciding with St George’s Day.
How fitting that the great English writer is so closely identified with the
patron saint of England!
William Shakespeare Facts: 2
Shakespeare had seven siblings. They were: Joan
(1558); Margaret (1562); Gilbert (1566); Joan II (1569); Anne (1571); Richard
(1574) and Edmund (1580).
William Shakespeare Facts: 3
Shakespeare married his wife Anne Hathaway when he was
18. She was 26 and she was pregnant when they married. Their first child was
born six months after the wedding.
William Shakespeare Facts: 4
Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway had three children
together – a son, Hamnet, who died in 1596, and two daughters, Susanna and
Judith. His only granddaughter Elizabeth – daughter of Susanna – died childless
in 1670. Shakespeare therefore has no descendants.
William Shakespeare Facts: 5
Shakespeare died a rich man. He made several gifts to
various people but left his property to his daughter, Susanna. The only mention
of his wife in Shakespeare’s own will is: “I gyve unto my wief my second best
bed with the furniture”. The “furniture” was the bedclothes for the bed.
William Shakespeare Facts: 6
Shakespeare was buried in the Holy Trinity Church,
Stratford-upon-Avon. He put a curse on anyone daring to move his body from that
final resting place. His epitaph was:
Good friend for Jesus’ sake forbear,
To dig the dust enclosed here:
Blest be the man that spares these stones,
And curst be he that moves my bones.
Though it was customary to dig up the bones from
previous graves to make room for others, the remains in Shakespeare’s grave are
still undisturbed.
William Shakespeare Facts: 7
One of Shakespeare’s relatives on his mother’s side,
William Arden, was arrested for plotting against Queen Elizabeth I, imprisoned
in the Tower of London and executed.
William Shakespeare Facts: 8
During his life, Shakespeare wrote 37 plays and 154
sonnets! This means an average 1.5 plays a year since he first started writing
in 1589. His last play The Two Noble Kinsmen is reckoned to have been written
in 1613 when he was 49 years old. While he was writing the plays at such a pace
he was also conducting a family life, a social life and a full business life,
running an acting company and a theatre.
William Shakespeare Facts: 9
Few people realise that apart from writing his
numerous plays and sonnets, Shakespeare was also an actor who performed many of
his own plays as well as those of other playwrights. During his life
Shakespeare performed before Queen Elizabeth I and, later, before James I who was
an enthusiastic patron of his work.
William Shakespeare Facts: 10
Shakespeare’s profession was acting. He is listed in
documents of 1592, 1598 and 1603 as an actor. We know that he acted in a Ben
Jonson play and also in his own plays but it’s thought that, as a very busy
man, writing, managing the theatre and commuting between London and his home in
Stratford where is family was, he didn’t undertake big parts. There is evidence
that he played the ghost in Hamlet and Adam in As You Like It.
William Shakespeare Facts: 11
In Elizabethan theatre circles it was common for
writers to collaborate on writing plays. Towards the end of his career
Shakespeare worked with other writers on plays that have been credited to those
writers. Other writers also worked on plays that are credited to Shakespeare.
We know for certain that Timon of Athens was a collaboration with Thoma
Middleton; Pericles with George Wilkins; and The Two Noble Kinsmen with John
Fletcher.
William Shakespeare Facts: 12
Some scholars have maintained that Shakespeare did not
write the Shakespeare plays, with at least fifty writers having been suggested
as the “real” author. However, the evidence for Shakespeare’s having written
the plays is very strong.
William Shakespeare Facts: 13
Shakespeare is the second most quoted writer in the
English language – after the various writers of the Bible.
William Shakespeare Facts: 14
Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre burnt down on 29th June
1613 after a cannon shot set fire to it during a performance of Henry VIII. (See
our article on interesting facts on The Globe Theatre.)
William Shakespeare Facts: 15
Shakespeare is always referred to as an Elizabethan
playwright, but as most of his most popular plays were written after
Elizabeth’s death he was actually more of a Jacobean writer. His later plays
also show the distinct characteristics of Jacobean drama.
William Shakespeare Facts: 16
Almost four hundred years after Shakespeare’s death
there are 157 million pages referring to him on Google. There are 132 million
for God, 2.7 million for Elvis Presley, and coming up on Shakespeare’s heels,
George W Bush with 14.7 million.
William Shakespeare Facts: 17
Suicide occurs an unlucky thirteen times in
Shakespeare’s plays. It occurs in Romeo and Juliet where both Romeo and Juliet
commit suicide, in Julius Caesar where both Cassius and Brutus die by
consensual stabbing, as well as Brutus’ wife Portia.
William Shakespeare Facts: 18
Some of Shakespeare’s signatures have survived on
original documents. In none of them does he spell his name in what has become
the standard way. He spells it Shakespe; Shakspe; Shakspere and Shakespear.
William Shakespeare Facts: 19
Shakespeare lived a double life. By the seventeenth
century he had become a famous playwright in London but in his hometown of
Stratford, where his wife and children were, and which he visited frequently,
he was a well known and highly respected businessman and property owner.
William Shakespeare Facts: 20
The American President Abraham Lincoln was a great
lover of Shakespeare’s plays and frequently recited from them to his friends.
His assassin, John Wilkes Booth was a famous Shakespearean actor.
William Shakespeare Facts: 21
Although it was illegal to be a Catholic in
Shakespeare’s lifetime, the Anglican Archdeacon, Richard Davies of Lichfield,
who had known him wrote some time after Shakespeare’s death that he had been a
Catholic.
William Shakespeare Facts: 22
Candles were very expensive in Shakespeare’s time so
they were used only for emergencies, for a short time. Most writers wrote in
the daytime and socialised in the evenings. There is no reason to think that
Shakespeare was any different to his contemporaries.
William Shakespeare Facts: 23
It was illegal for women and girls to perform in the
theatre in Shakespeare’s lifetime so all the female parts were written for
boys. The text of some plays like Hamlet and Antony and Cleopatra refer to
that. It was only much later, during the Restoration, that the first woman
appeared on the English stage.
William Shakespeare Facts: 24
There are only two Shakespeare plays written entirely
in verse: they are Richard II and King John. Many of the plays have half of the
text in prose.
William Shakespeare Facts: 25
Shakespeare wrote many more plays than the ones we
know about. It’s certain that he wrote a play titled Cardenio, which has been
lost, but scholars think he wrote about twenty that have gone without a trace.
William Shakespeare Facts: 26
Shakespeare’s shortest play, The Comedy of Errors is
only a third of the length of his longest, Hamlet, which takes four hours to
perform.
William Shakespeare Facts: 27
Two of Shakespeare’s plays, Hamlet and Much Ado About
Nothing, have been translated into Klingon. The Klingon Language Institute
plans to translate more! (If you’re into quirky Shakespeare facts check our
our list of 23 things you never knew
about Shakespeare)
William Shakespeare Facts: 28
All Uranus’ satellites are named after Shakespearean characters.
William Shakespeare Facts: 29
‘William Shakespeare’ is an anagram of ‘I am a weakish
speller’.
William Shakespeare Facts: 30
Shakespeare’s original grave marker showed him holding
a bag of grain. Citizens of Stratford replaced the bag with a quill in 1747.
William Shakespeare Facts: 31
According to the Oxford Dictionary of Quotations,
Shakespeare wrote close to a tenth of the most quoted lines ever written or
spoken in English. What’s more, according to the Literature Encyclopaedia,
Shakespeare is the second most quoted English writer after the writers of the
Bible.
William Shakespeare Facts: 32
Copyright didn’t exist in Shakespeare’s time, as a
result of which there was a thriving trade in copied plays. To help counter
this, actors got their lines only once the play was in progress, often in the
form of cue acting where someone backstage whispered them to the person shortly
before he was supposed to deliver them.
William Shakespeare Facts: 33
Few people realise that aside from writing 37 plays and
composing 154 sonnets, Shakespeare was also an established actor who performed
in many of his own plays as well as those of his contemporaries, such as Ben
Jonson.
William Shakespeare Facts: 34
The National Portrait Gallery in London’s first
acquisition in 1856 was the ‘Chandos’ portrait of Shakespeare, attributed to
the artist John Taylor. It’s now considered the only representation of the
writer that has any real claim to having been painted from life. (See a gallery
of Shakespeare portraits.)
William Shakespeare Facts: 35
In the King James Bible the 46th word of Psalm 46 is
‘shake’ and the 46th word from the end of the same Psalm is ‘spear’. Some think
this was a hidden birthday message to the Bard, as the King James Bible was
published in 1611 – the year of Shakespeare’s 46th birthday.
William Shakespeare Facts: 36
The moons of Uranus were originally named in 1852
after magical spirits from English literature. The International Astronomy
Union subsequently developed the convention to name all further moons of Uranus
(of which there are 27) after characters in Shakespeare’s plays or Alexander
Pope’s The Rape of the Lock.
William Shakespeare Facts: 37
Unlike most artists of his time, Shakespeare died a
very wealthy man with a large property portfolio. He was a brilliant
businessman – forming a joint-stock company with his actors meaning he took a
share in the company’s profits, as well as earning a fee for each play he
wrote.
William Shakespeare Facts: 38
Shakespeare had close connections with King James I.
The King made the actors of Shakespeare’s company ‘Grooms of Chamber’, in
response to which Shakespeare changed the company’s name from the ‘Lord
Chamberlain’s Men’ to the ‘King’s Men’. The new title made Shakespeare a
favourite with the King and in much demand for Court performances.
William Shakespeare Facts: 39
Sometime after his unsuccessful application to become
a gentleman, Shakespeare took his father to the College of Arms to secure their
own Shakespeare family crest. The crest was a yellow spear on a yellow shield,
with the Latin inscription “Non Sans Droict”, or “Not without Right”.
William Shakespeare Facts: 40
Although Shakespeare is almost universally considered
as one of the finest writers in the English language, his contemporaries were
not always as impressed. The first recorded reference to Shakespeare, written
by theatre critic Robert Greene in 1592, was as an “upstart crow, beautified
with our feathers”.
William Shakespeare Facts: 41
Nobody knows Shakespeare’s true birthday. It’s
celebrated on April 23rd – three days before his baptism which was recorded on
April 26th, 1564. However, as Shakespeare was born under the old Julian
calendar, what was April 23rd during Shakespeare’s life would actually be May
3rd according to today’s Gregorian calendar.
William Shakespeare Facts: 42
A play called Cardenio, which was credited to
Shakespeare and performed in his lifetime, has been completely lost. Today
there is no known record of its story anywhere.
William Shakespeare Facts: 43
The Royal Shakespeare Company sells more than half a
million tickets a year for Shakespeare productions at their theatres in
Stratford-on-Avon, London and Newcastle – introducing an estimated 50,000
people to a live Shakespeare performance for the first time.
William Shakespeare Facts: 44
Shakespeare never actually published any of his plays.
They are known today only because two of his fellow actors – John Hemminges and
Henry Condell – recorded and published 36 of them posthumously under the name
‘The First Folio’, which is the source of all Shakespeare books published.
William Shakespeare Facts: 45
There are more than 80 variations recorded for the
spelling of Shakespeare’s name. In the few original signatures that have
survived, Shakespeare spelt his name “Willm Shaksp,” “William Shakespe,” “Wm
Shakspe,” “William Shakspere,” ”Willm Shakspere,” and “William Shakspeare”.
There are no records of him ever having spelt it “William Shakespeare”, as we
know him today.
William Shakespeare Facts: 46
The United States has Shakespeare to thank for its
estimated 200 million starlings. In 1890 an American bardolator, Eugene
Schiffelin, embarked on a project to import each species of bird mentioned in
Shakespeare’s works that was absent from the US. Part of this project involved
releasing two flocks of 60 starlings in New York’s Central Park.
William Shakespeare Facts: 47
The original Globe Theatre came to a premature end in
1613 during a performance of Henry VIII, when a cannon set light to the
thatched roof. Within two hours the theatre was burnt to the ground, to be
rebuilt the following year.
William Shakespeare Facts: 48
An outbreak of the plague in Europe resulted in all
London theatres being closed between 1592 and 1594. As there was no demand for
plays during this time, Shakespeare began to write poetry, completing his first
batch of sonnets in 1593, aged 29.
Shakespeare in words
William Shakespeare Facts: 49
Shakespeare has been credited by the Oxford English
Dictionary with introducing almost 3,000 words to the English language.
Estimations of his vocabulary range from 17,000 to a dizzying 29,000 words – at
least double the number of words used by the average conversationalist.
William Shakespeare Facts: 50
According to Shakespeare professor Louis Marder,
“Shakespeare was so facile in employing words that he was able to use over
7,000 of them – more than occur in the whole King James Version of the Bible –
only once and never again.”
4º Passo
Com
as curiosidades traduzidas, entregue para as duplas a imagem abaixo. Eles
escreverão as curiosidades traduzidas. Solicite que seja escrito com letra
grande e legível. Esta atividade deverá ser separada para o desenvolvimento do painel na escola.
5º Passo
Os
alunos realizaram a tradução das citações de Shakespeare.(aqui) Cada dupla receberá
três citações para ser traduzida no caderno. Assim como no passo anterior a
citação também deverá ser escrita em uma folha sulfite. Solicite para os alunos
que façam um desenho representativo. Para esta atividade utilizei a imagem abaixo:
Outra forma seria os alunos pesquisarem as citações em inglês com suas respectivas traduções (ao menos 10)
6º Passo
Leve
a turma para a sala de recursos audiovisuais e mostre os vídeos que falam um
pouco sobre a vida e obra de William Shakespeare.
Links:
7º Passo
Tradução
do Soneto nº 1. Em dupla co auxilio do dicionário, ou o recurso que o professor achar viável (aplicativos, google tradutor)
SONNET 1
From fairest creatures we desire increase,
That thereby beauty's rose might never die,
But as the riper should by time decease,
His tender heir might bear his memory:
But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes,
Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,
Making a famine where abundance lies,
Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel.
Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament
And only herald to the gaudy spring,
Within thine own bud buriest thy content
And, tender churl, makest waste in niggarding.
Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee.
8º Passo
Na
sala de vídeo passe para os alunos o filme “10 coisas que eu odeio em você”.
Depois do filme debata com a sala se eles sabem em qual peça de William
Shakespeare. Depois solicite dos alunos uma pesquisa sobre filmes que foram
inspirados nas obras de Shakespeare. O trabalho deverá ser impresso com imagens
e resumos dos filmes. Os trabalhos também serão utilizados no painel. Lembre o aluno de relacionar o filme com a obra de Shakespeare.
O longa dirigido por Gil Junger é baseado na peça A Megera Domada, sobre Catarina, uma moça rebelde, difícil de ser controlada pela família e por seu pretendente, Petrúquio. No filme, o bad boy Patrick Verona (Heath Ledger) é escalado para convidar a arisca Kat Stratford (Julia Stiles) para sair, após receber o desafio – e o pagamento – do endinheirado Joey Donner, que quer se aproximar da irmã de Kat.
A peça Noite de Reis é a inspiração para a comédia romântica dirigida por Andy Fickman. No texto de William Shakespeare, Viola sobrevive após um naufrágio, no qual acredita ter perdido seu irmão gêmeo, e se disfarça de homem, adotando o nome de Cesário. No filme, Viola (Amanda Bynes) se finge de homem e começa a frequentar a escola de seu irmão, que decidiu escapar das aulas por algumas semanas.
A comédia romântica de Tommy O'Haver é inspirada pela peça Sonho de uma Noite de Verão, uma história sobre as idas e vindas do amor entre jovens, representados por Berke (Ben Foster), Kelly (Kirsten Dunst) e Allison (Melissa Sagemiller) no longa e por Lisandro, Hérmia, Lisandro e Helena na peça de Shakespeare.
O longa dirigido por Gil Junger é baseado na peça A Megera Domada, sobre Catarina, uma moça rebelde, difícil de ser controlada pela família e por seu pretendente, Petrúquio. No filme, o bad boy Patrick Verona (Heath Ledger) é escalado para convidar a arisca Kat Stratford (Julia Stiles) para sair, após receber o desafio – e o pagamento – do endinheirado Joey Donner, que quer se aproximar da irmã de Kat.
A peça Noite de Reis é a inspiração para a comédia romântica dirigida por Andy Fickman. No texto de William Shakespeare, Viola sobrevive após um naufrágio, no qual acredita ter perdido seu irmão gêmeo, e se disfarça de homem, adotando o nome de Cesário. No filme, Viola (Amanda Bynes) se finge de homem e começa a frequentar a escola de seu irmão, que decidiu escapar das aulas por algumas semanas.
A comédia romântica de Tommy O'Haver é inspirada pela peça Sonho de uma Noite de Verão, uma história sobre as idas e vindas do amor entre jovens, representados por Berke (Ben Foster), Kelly (Kirsten Dunst) e Allison (Melissa Sagemiller) no longa e por Lisandro, Hérmia, Lisandro e Helena na peça de Shakespeare.
9º Passo
Releitura
da obra de Shakespeare. Os alunos realizaram uma parodia musical sobre a obra
Romeu e Julieta. Os grupos podem apresentar as canções para a escola.
(exemplo de paródia - Poderosas Annita)
O
som da Julieta
Prepara,
agora esquenta
No
som da Julieta
Que
mexe e agita
Não
fica ai parado
Vem
dançar do meu lado
Solta
o som que pra eu ficar
Dançando
. . .
Até
o Romeu vai ficar
Babando
. . .
Às
vezes eu me apaixono
Mas
dessa vez não é à toa
Solta
o som que pra eu ficar
Dançando
Até
o Romeu vai ficar
Babando
Não
pode ser sempre assim
Quero
um final feliz
Vem
. . .
10 º Passo
Pesquisa
sobre Hamlet. Com a turma separada em grupos (4 integrantes) sorteie um
personagem para ser pesquisado por cada grupo (personagens presentes na obra
Hamlet) Os alunos irão utilizar meia cartolina que deverá conter uma imagem
impressa ou desenhada do personagem com um texto abordando suas características
e passagem na obra. Os cartazes serão divulgados na escola.
Dicas:
As
releituras das obras de Shakespeare podem ser realizadas com diferentes gêneros
textuais. Optei pela paródia após uma conversa com a sala. Mas também poderá
ser realizada com:
·
Poema
·
Propaganda (criar um produto ligado a obra)
·
Charge
·
Tirinha
·
Carta (de um personagem para outro)
·
Receita
·
Jornal
·
Capa de revista
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